some progress

node_modules/mongoose/lib/helpers/setDefaultsOnInsert.js

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+'use strict';
+const modifiedPaths = require('./common').modifiedPaths;
+const get = require('./get');
+
+/**
+ * Applies defaults to update and findOneAndUpdate operations.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} filter
+ * @param {Schema} schema
+ * @param {Object} castedDoc
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @method setDefaultsOnInsert
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(filter, schema, castedDoc, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const shouldSetDefaultsOnInsert =
+    options.setDefaultsOnInsert != null ?
+      options.setDefaultsOnInsert :
+      schema.base.options.setDefaultsOnInsert;
+
+  if (!options.upsert || shouldSetDefaultsOnInsert === false) {
+    return castedDoc;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(castedDoc || {});
+  const updatedKeys = {};
+  const updatedValues = {};
+  const numKeys = keys.length;
+  const modified = {};
+
+  let hasDollarUpdate = false;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+    if (keys[i].startsWith('$')) {
+      modifiedPaths(castedDoc[keys[i]], '', modified);
+      hasDollarUpdate = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasDollarUpdate) {
+    modifiedPaths(castedDoc, '', modified);
+  }
+
+  const paths = Object.keys(filter);
+  const numPaths = paths.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numPaths; ++i) {
+    const path = paths[i];
+    const condition = filter[path];
+    if (condition && typeof condition === 'object') {
+      const conditionKeys = Object.keys(condition);
+      const numConditionKeys = conditionKeys.length;
+      let hasDollarKey = false;
+      for (let j = 0; j < numConditionKeys; ++j) {
+        if (conditionKeys[j].startsWith('$')) {
+          hasDollarKey = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (hasDollarKey) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    updatedKeys[path] = true;
+    modified[path] = true;
+  }
+
+  if (options && options.overwrite && !hasDollarUpdate) {
+    // Defaults will be set later, since we're overwriting we'll cast
+    // the whole update to a document
+    return castedDoc;
+  }
+
+  schema.eachPath(function(path, schemaType) {
+    // Skip single nested paths if underneath a map
+    if (schemaType.path === '_id' && schemaType.options.auto) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const def = schemaType.getDefault(null, true);
+    if (isModified(modified, path)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (typeof def === 'undefined') {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (schemaType.splitPath().includes('$*')) {
+      // Skip defaults underneath maps. We should never do `$setOnInsert` on a path with `$*`
+      return;
+    }
+
+    castedDoc = castedDoc || {};
+    castedDoc.$setOnInsert = castedDoc.$setOnInsert || {};
+    if (get(castedDoc, path) == null) {
+      castedDoc.$setOnInsert[path] = def;
+    }
+    updatedValues[path] = def;
+  });
+
+  return castedDoc;
+};
+
+function isModified(modified, path) {
+  if (modified[path]) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Is any parent path of `path` modified?
+  const sp = path.split('.');
+  let cur = sp[0];
+  for (let i = 1; i < sp.length; ++i) {
+    if (modified[cur]) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    cur += '.' + sp[i];
+  }
+
+  // Is any child of `path` modified?
+  const modifiedKeys = Object.keys(modified);
+  if (modifiedKeys.length) {
+    const parentPath = path + '.';
+
+    for (const modifiedPath of modifiedKeys) {
+      if (modifiedPath.slice(0, path.length + 1) === parentPath) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}